[airplane engine humming] [飞机引擎轰鸣声]
[man] Hey, hey. Hey. Hey, hey. Gentlemen? [男声]嘿，嘿。嘿。嘿，嘿。先生们？
[indistinct conversations] [听不清的谈话声]
[man] All right? All right. [男人]都好了吗？ 都好了。
[man] Glad to have you in Mississippi. [男声] 很高兴你来到密西西比州。
Governor,welcome to Mississippi. 州长先生，欢迎你来到密西西比州。
Thank you so much for coming again. 非常感谢你的再次光临。
《里根夫妇》 Dramatic music [戏剧性的音乐]
[cheers and applause] [欢呼声和鼓掌声]
[helicopter blades whirring] [直升机桨叶呼呼声]
[cheers and applause] [欢呼声和鼓掌声]
[cheering] [欢呼声]
[helicopter blades whirring] [直升机螺旋桨呼呼作响]
[crowd] R, R, R-E-A. [群众] R, R, R-E-A.
G, G, G-A-N.
R-E-A, G-A-N. 里-根。
Reagan, Reagan! Go, Reagan! 里根，里根！冲啊，里根！
第二部分：向右转 翻译：hardstick 校订：hardstick 时间轴：hardstick
[crowd] We vote Reagan! We vote Reagan! [群众] 我们选里根！我们选里根！
We vote Reagan! We vote Reagan! 我们投票给里根! 我们投票给里根!
[man] This time,it's a real pleasure 这次，我很高兴向大家
to present to you Ronald Reagan. Governor. 介绍罗纳德·里根。州长。
[cheers and applause] [欢呼和掌声]
[Lopez] In 1980, Ronald Reagan [洛佩兹] 1980年，罗纳德·里根
wins the Republican nomination for President, 赢得了共和党总统提名， （伊恩.哈尼.洛佩兹，公众法学教授）
and he faces an incredibly important decision... 他面临着一个非常重要的决定… （伊恩.哈尼.洛佩兹，公众法学教授）
How will he introduce himself to the country? 他将如何向这个国家，介绍自己?
Nancy and I have never seen anything like this, 南茜和我从来没有见过，这样的事情，
because there isn't anything like this any more than... 因为再也不会有这样的事情了…
[cheers and applause] [欢呼和掌声]
[Lopez] He has a letter from a Southern official [洛佩兹] 他有收到一封来自南方官员的信，
that invites him to come down to Neshoba County 邀请他去尼肖巴县的
to the county fair there. 集市（发表演讲）。
Neshoba County was infamous for one reason and one reason only. 尼肖巴县声名狼藉只有一个原因。
[man] This is backwoods Mississippi, [男声] 这里是密西西比的边远地区，
silent and suspicious. （民风）沉默而多疑。
It is hostile country with a hostile attitude 这是一个对民权工作者怀有
towards civil rights workers. 敌意的乡村。
James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, 詹姆斯·钱尼、安德鲁·古德曼，
and Michael Schwerner went to Mississippi 和迈克尔·施沃纳前往密西西比州，
to help register Negroes as voters. 帮助黑人登记为选民。
[man] They have been missing since Sunday. [男声] 他们自周日以来一直失踪了。
They've been the focus of a whole country's concern. 他们一直是整个国家关注的焦点。
[Lopez] 1964, three civil rights workers were kidnapped, [洛佩兹] 1964年，三名民权工作者被绑架，
lynched, their bodies stuffed in an earthen dam, 被私刑处死，他们的尸体被塞在一个土坝里，
and not found for over a month. 一个多月都没有找到。
密西西比州一贯地抵制
任何用以帮助它摆脱
自身种族主义的进步。
整个密西西比州的人们
还没有与他们的良心达成妥协。
[Lopez] 16 years later, [洛佩兹] 16年后，
there wasn't a voter alive in Neshoba County 在那三名民权工作者被杀的时候，
who hadn't been alive 在尼肖巴县
when those three civil rights workers were killed. 没有一个当时的选民活着。
[cheers and applause] [欢呼声和鼓掌声]
[Wiley] He chose that place to stand up [威利] 他选择了那个地方，站起来，
and look at the white South and say, 看着白人组成的南方，说: （玛雅.威利，民权活动家及律师）
"I'm for states' rights." “我支持各州的自己的权利。” （玛雅.威利，民权活动家及律师）
我相信每州的权利
我相信人们正在做的
他们能在社区与私人的两个方面上，
为自己做的更多。
[Lopez] This phrase, "states' rights," [洛佩兹] “州权”这个词
was prevalent across the South. 在南方很流行。
We are defending the right of the people of Virginia 我们在捍卫，维吉尼亚州和 （乔治.华莱士，阿拉巴马州州长）
and of Alabama to decide some questions for themselves. 阿拉巴马州人民，自己决定一些问题的权利。
Get back to conservative government, state rights. 回到保守政府，“州权”。 （T.E.肯内利，德克萨斯州州长）
Not just the saying, "states' rights," 不仅仅是“州权”这个说法，
but the real meaning of states' rights. 而是州权利的真正含义。 （巴里.戈德怀特，亚利桑那州共和党参议员）
"States' rights" has always in the South meant “州权”在南方一直意味着，
the North can't tell us what to do about race. 北方不能告诉我们，如何对待种族问题。
And the federal government can't tell us 联邦政府不能告诉我们，
that Black people are equal. 黑人是和我们平等的。
It cannot tell us to integrate our schools. 它不能告诉我们，要整合我们的学校。
It was a flat out signal to an old South 这给了那些南方的老顽固们一个明确的信号，
that thought the Civil War was not over. 让他们以为，内战还没有结束。
[woman] The real purpose of Reagan's trip is a speech [女声] 里根此行的真正目的是，明天在纽约
to the Urban League in New York tomorrow on Black unemployment. 向“城市联盟”发表关于黑人失业问题的演讲。
In Mississippi, it was difficult to find 在密西西比州，在人群中很难找到
a Black face in the crowd. 一张黑人面孔。
[Johnson] He is saying to white America, [约翰逊] 他是在对美国白人说:
"You can trust me. “你们可以相信我。
"You can trust me to make sure that the forces of change “你们可以相信我，我会确保民权和 （杰森.约翰逊，政治学研究者）
in civil rights and equality will not affect your life," 平等的变革力量，不会影响你们的生活。”
and he received little or no criticism for that. 对此，他几乎没有受到批评。
It's one of the reasons Reagan's record on race 这是里根在种族问题上的记录
has not been sufficiently examined, 没有得到充分审查的原因之一，
and we're suffering for the consequences to that today. 而我们今天，正在为其后果而痛苦。
Our guest today on Meet The Press 我们今天在“与媒体见面”节目上的
is screen and television actor, Ronald Reagan, 嘉宾是荧幕和电视演员罗纳德·里根，
who this week announced he would seek 他本周宣布将寻求
the Republican nomination for Governor of California. 共和党提名为加州州长。
We've reached a period 我们已经到了这样一个时期，
in which the philosophical differences 两党之间的哲学分歧
between the two parties are so great 如此之大，
that it's high time that more people from the rank and file 是时候让更多的普通公民
of the citizenry involve themselves 参与进来了，这样我们
so that we can have government that's of and by 就能有一个民有、民治、
as well as for the people. 民享的政府。
[Lopez] Ronald Reagan developed the political persona [洛佩兹] 罗纳德·里根在20世纪60年代形成了
that we know in the 1960s. 我们所熟知的政治形象。
[crowd cheering] [群众欢呼声]
[male reporter] It is not always possible to tell the real [男记者声] 区分真实与虚幻、实际与伪装、
from the unreal,the actual from the artificial, 真相与虚构，并不总是
truth from fiction. 可能的。
Just so you all know, what you have been watching 你们都知道，你们正在观看的是
is a Hollywood movie premiere. 好莱坞电影首映式。
What you are about to see is a California political campaign. 你即将看到的，是加州的政治竞选。
[marching band music playing] [行进乐队演奏的音乐]
[klaxon horn honking] [汽车喇叭鸣响]
[horn honks] [汽车喇叭鸣笛声]
[Ron Jr.] When he began his political career, [小罗恩] 当他开始他的政治生涯时，
I remember him saying that, 我记得他说过， （小罗恩.里根，罗纳德和南茜.里根夫妇的儿子）
well, he didn't know about running 嗯，他不知道要竞选 （小罗恩.里根，罗纳德和南茜.里根夫妇的儿子）
for Governor of California, 加利福尼亚州的州长， （小罗恩.里根，罗纳德和南茜.里根夫妇的儿子）
but he would go out and make some speeches. 但他会出去发表一些演讲。
[applause] [掌声]
He would judge the audience reaction to that. 他会判断观众对此的反应。
And if the audience seemed to want him to run 如果观众似乎想让他竞选
for Governor of California, 加州州长，
well, then, sure he wouldn't...He wouldn't let them down. 那么，他当然不会……他不会让他们失望的。
For a long time,America sophisticates 在很长一段时间里，美国的“政坛老油条们”
couldn't take Ronald Reagan seriously. 都不把罗纳德·里根当回事。
As an actor, he had seemed corny to them. 作为一名演员，他在他们看来，显得老土。
And remember,Boraxo Powdered Hand Soap. 记住，这是硼砂洗手粉。
[man] As a politician,he seemed improbable. [男人] 作为一个政治家，他似乎不可思议。
[man] Ronald Reagan has played many roles. [男人] 罗纳德·里根扮演了很多角色。
This year,he wants to play governor. 今年，他想扮演州长。
[Brown] You know, I'm running against an actor. [布朗] 我的竞争对手是个演员。
No shot at Abraham Lincoln, don't you think? 没机会让他出演亚伯拉罕·林肯了，你觉得呢?
[laughter] [笑声]
You know, the press just love to call him 你知道，媒体喜欢称他为 （斯图.斯宾塞，里根的首席政治策略顾问）
a fading actor or "B" actor, “过气演员”或“二流演员”， （斯图.斯宾塞，里根的首席政治策略顾问）
and that upset him. 这让他很沮丧。
[Ronald] The manner in which the other team [罗纳德] 另一个团队的竞选方式，
has been campaigning,it's time that some people 是时候提醒一些人，
are reminded that actors are people. 演员也是人了。
[Nancy] Decision to run for Governor... [南茜] 决定竞选州长…
That was a mutual decision that we both, 这是我们共同的决定，
um, spent a couple of very sleepless nights over. 我们一起度过了几个失眠的夜晚。
My wife, Nancy. 我的妻子，南茜。
[Nancy] That meant a major change in our lives. [南茜] 这意味着我们的生活发生了重大变化。
It had to be a mutual decision. 这必须是双方共同的决定。
[Ron Jr.] When my parents entered politics, [小罗恩] 当我父母从政时，
the whole new cast of characters arrived. 一个全新的角色出现了。
I was used to,you know, Jimmy Cagney 我习惯了，你知道，吉米·卡格尼 （好莱坞演员，舞者，导演）
coming over around Christmas. 在圣诞节前后过来。
But now there's this whole political crowd, 但现在出现了一群政治人物，
new kind of money people. 一群新的有钱人。
That was a new social circle for them. 这对他们来说，是一个新的社交圈。
My mother was much more socially focused 我母亲比我父亲更关注社交，
and acutely focused than my father was. 也对社交的关注度比他更敏锐。
She understood the value 她懂得结交
of having wealthy,powerful friends. 有钱有势的朋友的价值。
And she was much more involved 她更多地参与培养
in cultivating those friendships. 这些友谊。
[Nancy] Thank you all for your work. [南茜] 谢谢大家的工作。
Both my husband and I appreciate it. 我丈夫和我都很感激。
Reagan was running for Governor against Pat Brown... 里根与帕特·布朗竞选州长...
[crowd cheering] [人群的欢呼声]
And he was a liberal New Deal politician. 他是一位自由主义的新政政治家。
Brown created this tremendous infrastructure in California. 布朗在加州建立了庞大的基础设施。
Ordinary folks wondered,"Why are my taxes going up?" 普通老百姓都在想:“为什么我的税要涨了?”
And there's Ronnie Reagan ready to take advantage of it. “罗尼”·里根准备好利用这一点了。 （罗伯特.希尔，记者）
He's been singing this song about big government, 他一直在唱这首关于大政府的歌， （罗伯特.希尔，记者）
and it plays well. 反响不错。
You know, for a number of years, 你知道，多年来，
I have been protesting the growth of government. 我一直在抗议政府的扩张。
We have increased our population 18%. 我们的人口增加了18%。
We've increased the number of recipients of welfare 49%. 我们的福利领取人数增加了49%。
At that time, conservatism was very much on the fringes 当时，保守主义在美国政治中处于非常 （乔纳森.阿尔特，记者）
of American politics. 边缘的地位。 （乔纳森.阿尔特，记者）
Remember,Ronald Reagan campaigned 记住，罗纳德·里根在1964年
for Goldwater in 1964. 为戈德华特竞选。
Barry Goldwater stood 巴里·戈德华特站在
in the middle of what was happening in America, 美国正在发生的事情的中心，
and it was still screaming segregation forever. 美国仍然在大声疾呼着，永远的种族隔离。
So for Reagan to attach himself so comfortably 因此，对里根来说，如此舒适地依附自己
was a sign of where he wanted to go long term. 是他想要长期发展的标志。
Governor Brown also called you a party crasher this morning. 布朗州长今天早上还说，你是个不速之客。
- I know.- Said that you're not in -我知道。-他说，你不是
the, uh, progressive Republican side of your party. 呃，你们党内的进步派共和党人。
Well... 那么...
[man] He's called federal aid education a tool of tyranny. [男声] 他称联邦援助教育是暴政的工具。
[Brown] He opposed Social Security. [布朗] 他反对社会保障。
He wanted to make it voluntary. 他想让它成为自愿的。
On the Redwoods, he feels that we have enough 在红杉树方面，他认为我们州的
of the natural resources of our state. 自然资源已经足够了。 （帕特.布朗州长）
These are all taken from speeches that he's made 这些都摘自他最近或 （帕特.布朗州长）
either recently or during the past four or five years. 过去四五年的演讲。
I think his refusal to denounce the John Birch Society 我认为他拒绝谴责“约翰·伯奇”协会， （二战时期在上海组织营救美军飞行员的行动，后被新四军枪杀）
as almost every other Republican leader 就像美国几乎所有其他共和党领导人
in the United States has done, 所做的那样，
I think all of these things indicate a philosophy 我认为所有这些都表明了一种
that would be very dangerous to the people of our state. 对我们加州的人民非常危险的哲学。
The John Birch Society was this fringe group “约翰·伯奇协会”是一个边缘组织
that believed in all sorts of conspiracy theories, 他们相信各种阴谋论，
some of them anti-communist,some of them are just 有些是反共的，有些则荒谬的认为，人为地 （罗伯特.韦尔奇，“约翰.伯奇协会”创始人）
absolutely absurd fluoride in the water 在水中添加的加氟化物， （罗伯特.韦尔奇，“约翰.伯奇协会”创始人）
being intentionally put there to dumb down American voters, 是蓄意用来愚弄美国选民的， （罗伯特.韦尔奇，“约翰.伯奇协会”创始人）
concentration camps in Alaska. 就像在阿拉斯加建集中营。
Most of the membership came out of the Republican Party, 大多数成员来自共和党，
and it was a problem for Republicans. 这对共和党人来说是个问题。
For a political operative like Stu Spencer, 对于斯图·斯宾塞这样的政坛“老技师”而言，
his fear was that Reagan had gotten ahold of a bad script, 他担心的是，里根拿到了一个糟糕的剧本，
and that bad script could be supplied 而这个剧本可能是
by the John Birch Society, 由“约翰·伯奇协会”提供的，
because some things are apropos to talk about 因为有些事情是适合谈论的，而有些事情
and some things not. 则不适合。
[Lopez] They also had a very strong strain [洛佩兹] 他们也有很强的
of anti-Black racism. 反黑人的种族主义倾向。
[Wiley] There was a concerted far right effort [威利] 有一种与极右翼的协调一致的努力，
to undermine the legitimacy of the civil rights movement 破坏民权运动的合法性
and the demands for equality 和平等的要求，
that included even attacking Martin Luther King, Jr. 甚至包括攻击马丁·路德·金。
As a communist even though he wasn't. 尽管金牧师，他并不是共产主义者。
One of the things that happened in this country 在这个国家发生的一件事是
as a result of winning passage of civil rights 民权法案获得通过的结果
was literally a fracturing of what white politics had been. 实际上是白人政治的破裂。
The arc of the moral universe is long, 道德宇宙的弧线虽然很长，
but it bends toward justice. 但它终将会朝着，正义的方向弯曲。
[Wiley] You have people who left the Democratic Party [威利] 有人因为1964年的民权法案
and became Republicans 而离开民主党，
because of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 成为共和党人。
[Ronald] I spent most of my life as a Democrat, [罗纳德] 我一生中大部分时间都是民主党人，
and I recall very well 我清楚地记得，
when the moment came to change and to re-register, 当变革和重新登记的时刻到来时，
when the leadership of the Democratic party 当民主党的领导层
repudiated the constitutional concepts 否定了个人自由和地方自治的
of individual freedom and local autonomy, 宪法概念，
and states' rights, 以及州的权利，
and the little intellectual elite 而国家首都的
in the nation's capital can engage in social tinkering, 少数知识精英们，可以参与修补这个社会时，
then I say to you,you didn't leave your party. 我对你们说，你们没有离开你们的政党。
The leadership of that party left you. 是那个政党的领导层，离开了你。
[cheers and applause] [欢呼声和掌声]
[man] White America watches in horror [男声] 美国白人惊恐地看着
as the people of Watts, California, riot, 南加州瓦茨区的人们的骚动，
crying, "Burn, baby, burn." 喊着:“烧吧，宝贝，烧吧。”
[man] It began with the arrest by white officers [男声] 事情开始于加州高速公路巡警的白人警察
of the California Highway Patrol of two young Negroes. 逮捕了两名年轻的黑人。
There was an argument.There was a scuffle. 有一场争论。发生了扭打。
By then, a crowd of several hundred Negroes had gathered, 到那时，已经聚集了几百名黑人，
and the story of police brutality 警察暴行的故事
quickly spread through the community. 很快在社区里传开了。
[officer] Put your hands up. [警官] 举起手来。
- Get them up. - Get your hands up. -把它们举起来。 -把你们的手举起来。
[Wiley] The Watts uprising was very much [威利] 瓦茨骚乱在很大程度上
an expression of pain and anger 表达了对社会的痛苦和愤怒，
at the failure of society to recognize 因为社会没有认识到，
what Black people had been asking for for generations, 黑人几代人一直在要求的东西，
which was a fair shot 即能够养活
at being able to support yourself and your family. 自己和家人的公平机会。
It was also very frightening for people who were white. 对于白人来说，这也是非常可怕的。
It was the notion that, 这是一种观念，
"This could spill over into my community." “这可能会蔓延到我的社区。”
And so it's very easy for Ronald Reagan then 所以罗纳德·里根很容易介入
to come in and manipulate that fear. 并操纵这种恐惧。
California also leads in some things 不幸的是，加州也在一些让我们
that unfortunately give us no sense of pride. 没有自豪感的事情上，领了先。
The only thing that's gone up more than spending is crime. 唯一比消费增加得更多的是犯罪。
Our city streets are jungle paths after dark. 天黑后，我们城市的街道如同是“丛林小径”。
[Lopez] Reagan used the term "jungle paths" to talk about [洛佩兹] 里根用“丛林小径”这个词来形容
the areas in our cities populated by African Americans. 我们城市中，非洲裔美国人居住的地区。
This was a way to trigger racist stereotypes. 这是一种引发种族主义刻板印象的方式。
He used these terms that hearkened back to Africa. 他使用的这些术语让人想起了非洲。
[Ronald] The jungle is closing in on this little patch [罗纳德] 丛林正在逼近这一小块，我们为之
that we have been civilizing for so long a time. 进行了长期文明的地方。
[Shearer] Reagan is in effect saying, [希勒] 里根实际上是在说:
"These are people who are breaking the law, “这些人违反了法律，
and I will protect you against them." 我会保护你们，不受他们的伤害。” （德雷克.希勒，政治学研究者）
We need law and order, 我们需要法律和秩序， （德雷克.希勒，政治学研究者）
and that's exactly what Reagan campaigned on. 这正是里根竞选时的口号。
You wanted law and order in this town. You got it. 你想让这个小镇有法律和秩序。你说对了。
[gunshot] [枪声]
When white people heard "law and order," 当白人听到“法律与秩序”时，
they heard him saying, 他们听到他说:
"I am going to stop the hordes of liberals “我要阻止成群结队的自由主义者、
and Black and brown people from invading your neighborhood." 黑人和棕色人种入侵你们的社区。”
[Wiley] They bring violence. They bring crime. [威利] 他们带来暴力。他们带来了犯罪。
All of those are deeply imbedded stereotypes 所有这些都是根深蒂固的刻板印象，
that get played out in that tough-on-crime stance. 体现在对犯罪的强硬立场上。
Patriotic music [爱国乐曲声]
[Lopez] In 1966, it's no longer acceptable [洛佩兹] 在1966年，政治人物使用明确的
for a political figure to use explicitly racist terms. 种族主义术语已不再被接受。
So a new language developed,and Ronald Reagan was a pioneer. 于是一种新的语言发展起来，而罗纳德·里根是先驱者。
It was a language that allowed people 这是一种允许人们以一种，
to oppose integration on a principle 与所谓的种族主义无关的原则，
that supposedly had nothing to do with race. 但又反对种族融合的“语言”。
That's what dog whistle politics is. 这就是“吹狗哨政治”。
The use of coded language to trigger 使用隐晦的语言来引发
unacceptable social hatreds 不可接受的社会仇恨，
while pretending that's not what you're doing. 同时假装这不是你在做的事情。
Reagan can turn around and say, "Me? 里根可以转身说:“我?
I didn't say anything about race. 我没说任何关于种族的事。
I just mentioned people commit crimes, 我刚才提到人们犯罪，
gangs, inner cities, 拉帮结派，内卷化，
a pathological culture,no respect for work, 病态的文化，对工作的不尊重，
jungle paths, nothing about race there at all." 我说的丛林小路，根本没有说到种族问题。”
[helicopter blades whirring] [直升机桨叶呼呼作响]
[man] Do you think the Fair Housing Act in California [男声] 你认为，加州的《公平住房法案》
is an ineffective or a bad method 是一种无效或糟糕的
of assuring open housing? 保证开放住房的方法吗?
It runs the risk of by President giving to government a power 它存在这样的风险，即总统赋予政府
that government should not have, 不应该拥有的权力，
and this is the infringement on the right 这侵犯了那些
of the individual to private possessions 拥有这些财产的个人的权利，
and the control ownership of those possessions. 以及个人对这些财产的控制所有权。
When he ran for Governor, fair housing 当他竞选州长时，公平住房的
anti-discrimination was a big issue. 反歧视是一个大问题。
Classical cello music [古典的大提琴音乐]
You have to remember in the '50s you could not sell your house 你要记得在50年代,你不能把你的房子
to a Black person. 卖给黑人。
This wasn't your private choice. 这不是你的个人选择。
This was imposed upon you 这是整个房地产行业
by the entire real estate industry. 强加给你的。
Under federal housing programs, 根据联邦住房计划，
banks would not loan to African Americans 如果非裔美国人试图住在白人社区，
if they tried to live in white neighborhoods. 银行将不会贷款给他们。
This was legalized segregation. 这就是“合法化”的种族隔离。
[woman] Everybody that lives here has been hassling me. [女声] 住在这里的每个人都在骚扰我。
[man] Why? [男声] 为什么？
Because you're not safe walking the streets at night. 因为你晚上走在街上，会不安全。
You cannot leave the house. 你不能离开房子。
The people were frightened to death of integration. 人们对于“种族融合”害怕的要死。
They thought,"This will hurt our schools. 他们认为，“这会损害我们的学校。
It'll make our neighborhood unsafe. 这会让我们的社区变得不安全。
Therefore the only thing I have in value in this world, 因此，我在这个世界上唯一有价值的东西，
my house, will lose its value." It was the hottest issue. 我的房子，将失去它的价值。”这是最热门的话题。
Will you lose your neighborhood? That was it. 你会失去你的社区吗?就是这样。
[Lopez] While campaigning,Reagan would say, [洛佩兹] 在竞选时，里根会说:
"I'm against prejudice, “我反对偏见，
but I also support property rights." 但我也支持财产权。”
And one of the inherent rights of property 财产的固有权利之一是，
is the right to dispose of it any way a person sees fit, 任何人都有权以他（或她）认为合适的方式处置它，
even if that meant not selling to African Americans. 即使这意味着不卖给非洲裔美国人。
That's a classic dog whistle. 这就是典型的“吹狗哨”政治。
[Ronald] I do not believe that we can without in seriously [罗纳德] 我不认为，在不严重危及我们
endangering our basic freedoms,that we can violate 被赋予的基本自由的情况下，我们就能够侵犯
this constitutional right of the individual. 宪法赋予个人的这项权利。
But I myself, I'll tell you now, do not subscribe to it. 但我自己，我现在要告诉你们，我不认投这个观点。
I'm willing to sell my house.A matter of fact 我愿意卖掉我的房子。事实上，
if there's anyone listening wants to buy to a farm, 如果在座的听众，有人想买农场，
I've got a farm for sale right now. 我现在就有一个农场要卖。
[Derek] In effect, Reagan's definition of freedom [德雷克] 实际上，里根对自由的定义
included the so-called freedom to discriminate. 包括了所谓的“歧视的自由”。
[crowd cheering] [人群的欢呼声]
[Wiley] He understood that there were many white voters [威利] 他知道，在加利福尼亚州，有很多
in California who,because of racial integration, 白人选民，因为种族融合，
did not want to see their lives changed. 他们不希望看到自己的生活被改变。
He's sounding a message that has appeal... 他发出了一个有吸引力的信息...
"I warned people that this actor's gonna defeat Pat Brown," "我警告过大家,俺这个“会演戏的”，能够打败帕特·布朗，"
and it turned out to be true. 事实证明这是真的。
Place your left hand upon the Bible 把你的左手放在圣经上， （1967年一月二日，加州州长就职典礼）
and raise your right hand. 举起你的右手。 （1967年一月二日，加州州长就职典礼）
[Lopez] Reagan had demonstrated that racial resentment [洛佩兹] 里根证明了种族仇恨
wasn't confined to the white supremacist South. 并不局限于，“白人至上主义”的南方。
Even in California you could use race as way to win votes. 即使在加州，你也可以利用种族来赢得选票。
Dramatic music [剧情音乐]
My native country, thee 我的故乡，你那
Land of the noble free 高贵自由的土地
Thy name I love 我热爱你的名字
casual xylophone jazz music [随意的木琴爵士乐]
[indistinct conversations] [听不清的交谈声]
[Nancy] Mr. and Mrs. Deacon Anderson. [南茜] 迪肯·安德森夫妇。
- Mr. Reagan, Mrs. Kent. - [woman] Hello, -里根先生，这位是肯特夫人。 -[女声] 你好，
- Hello, Reagan. - From Carmel. -你好，我就是里根。 -她从卡梅尔特地来的。
- Good to see you. Hello. - Hello there. Oh! -你好，很高兴见到你。 -你好，哦！
- Oh, my friend. - A pleasure. - 哦，我的“发小儿”。 - 太高兴了。
Oh, yes, your friend,your dearest friend. 哦，是的，你的朋友，你最亲爱的朋友。
How are you? It's nice that you can be here. 你好吗?你能来真是太好了。
Oh, we're so thrilled to be here. 哦，我们很兴奋，能来到这里。
- Nice to see you. - Hello. -能见到你真好。 -你好。
[Kelley] When Nancy became First Lady of California, [凯利] 当南茜成为加州第一夫人时，
first of all,she was fit to be tied 首先，她不得不离开 （凯蒂.凯利，南茜.里根的传记作家）
to have to leave Beverly Hills and go to Sacramento. 比弗利山庄去萨克拉门托。 （凯蒂.凯利，南茜.里根的传记作家）
I mean, she loved the fact that Ronnie was governor 我是说，她很高兴“罗尼”能当上州长，
but Sacramento? No, she did not like that at all. 但是对于“三块馒头”?不，她一点也不喜欢。
[Ron Jr.] The original Governor's mansion [小罗恩] 原来的州长官邸
was this Victorian wedding cake of a place, 是维多利亚时代的，如同婚礼蛋糕般的建筑物，
this four-story thing with the cupola on top and, you know, 四层楼高，顶部有冲天尖塔，你懂的，
all these stairways and rooms that were never used, 所有这些楼梯和房间都从未使用过，
so you could spend a lot of time exploring this big house. 所以你可以花很多时间，探索这座大房子。
It was kind of cool for a little kid, 对一个小孩子来说，这还挺酷的，
but on the other hand,it was right downtown, 但另一方面，它就在市中心，
with a motel and two gas stations 另一个角落有一家汽车旅馆
on the other corner. 和两个加油站。
[man] Nancy shows some other governors' wives [男声] 南茜带其他州长夫人们
California's Governor's Mansion. 参观加州州长官邸。
- [Nancy] Quite a busy street.- [woman] I should say so. -[南茜] 多么安静的街道。 -[女声] 我得这样说。
All the freeway traffic comes here. 所有的高速路，都经过这里。
- There's no grounds around. - [Nancy] No. - 这周围都没有一块空地。 -[南茜] 是没有的。
It's unfortunate. 这点很不爽。
It's... It's just gotten surrounded by the city. 这是有点儿…有点像被城市包围了。
[woman] Yeah. [女声] 是的。
[Nancy] It's lovely to look at, [南茜] 看上去，还是挺可爱的，
but it really does need some paint, doesn't it? 但它确实需要一些装修，不是吗?
Intriguing orchestral music [引人入胜的管弦乐]
There the jelly beans. [laughs] Ronnie loves jelly beans. 这是软糖。[笑声] “罗尼”喜欢吃软糖。
[woman] Is this your son's decision? [女声] 这是你儿子的决定吧？
- Oh, this is my husband. - Oh, your husband? - 哦，是我丈夫决定的。 -哦，你丈夫吗？
When I said Ronnie,I meant big Ronnie. 我一般说“罗尼”，指的就是大“罗尼”。
[laughter] [笑声]
[Spencer] When she and I went out to see the mansion [斯宾塞] 当她和我第一次出去
for the first time, 看豪宅时，
they had ropes on the second story over fire escapes. 他们在二楼的防火梯上绑了绳子。
They had two young kids at the time, 当时他们有两个小孩，
and she looks at me and she just, 她看着我说，
"I'm not living there." [laughs] "我又不是住在那里。" [笑声]
[Nancy] Don't you find every governor's wife [南茜] 难道你没有发现，我所接触过的
and every governor that I've ever talked to, 每一个州长的妻子和每一个州长，
they want a home. 他们都想要一个家吗。
They don't want to be there.All day they're in downtown, 他们不想待在那里。他们整天都在市中心，
but... - They really do need it. 但是… - 他们确实需要。
The job itself,just you really need someplace 除了工作本身，只是你真的需要一个地方，
to get away from it all. - [Nancy] Yes, you do. 来远离这一切。 -[南希] 是的，你需要的。
[traffic light clicks] [红绿灯切换声]
[Kelley] She really made quite a scene about it [凯利] 她为此大闹了一场，
and said she wouldn't live there. 说她不会住在，那里的闹市中。
Well, if she wasn't gonna live in it, 如果她不打算住在里面，
the governor wasn't gonna live in it. 州长先生也不会住在里面。
[Nancy] Something should've been done a long, long time ago, [南茜] 很久，很久以前，就该做点什么了，
and it's awful that the governor of the largest state 而美国最大州的州长
is scrounging around trying to find a place to live? 却到处找地方住，这岂不是太糟糕了吗?
Whoever heard of anything like that? 谁听说过这样的事?
Uh, really, isn't it disgraceful? 呃，真的，这不是很丢脸的事吗?
Uh, I don't know about that. [ chuckles ] 呃，我不知道。 [咯咯笑声]
[laughs] I can't get you to commit yourself. [笑声] 我没法让你做出承诺。
[laughter] [笑声]
[Kelley] The Kitchen Cabinet bought a large house [凯利] “厨房内阁”在城里较好的地段
for the Reagans in a better part of town. 为里根一家买了一幢大房子。
Nancy felt much more comfortable moving there, 南茜觉得搬到那里舒服多了，
and that's what they did. 他们也就这么做了。
Well, I was very happy as a kid 当他们搬到一个更安静的社区时，
when they moved to a quieter neighborhood. 我还是个孩子，我很高兴。
Nice house with a pool and, you know, 有游泳池的好房子，你要知道，
big yard and trees to climb and all the rest of that. 还有大院子，可以爬的树等等。
I thought this is... This is a vast improvement. 我以为这是…这是一个巨大的改善。
[laughs] [笑声]
[man] In 1969, a group of Governor Reagan's friends [男声] 1969年，里根州长的一群朋友
bought the present mansion. 买下了现在的官邸。
They charged the governor $15,000 a year until this year 他们每年向州长收取1.5万美元，直到今年
when the legislature agreed to pick up the rent. 立法机构同意了，承担租金。
[man] $15,000 does sound like a lot of money in rent. [男声] 一万五千美元的租金，听起来确实是一大笔钱。
It sure does.It is a lot of money in rent. 的确如此。租金可是一大笔钱。
[man] I just was wondering more if [男声] 我只是想知道，
it would've costed you more to have actually 如果你真的买了房子，
bought the house and paid it off at that rate. 然后按这个利率还款，会不会花费更多。
I'm not very good at arithmetic.I don't know, 我不擅长算术。我不知道，
but I just know we...We, uh, we couldn't afford 但我知道我们…我们，呃，我们付不起，没钱
to... to buy a house, no, really, shouldn't be asked to, actually. …买下房子，是的，真的，实际上，我们不应该，被要求这样的。
As I say, the state is supposed to provide 就像我说的，州政府应该
living quarters for the governor. 为州长提供住处。
[woman] Mrs. Reagan thinks [女声] 里根夫人认为
that both the state capital and the Governor's Mansion 州首府和州长官邸都应该
should be points of pride for California residents. 成为加州百姓们的骄傲。
And what Mrs. Reagan has started as attempts to beautify 而里根夫人最初试图，美化
the mansion have perhaps turned into political issues. 这栋豪宅的举动，或许已经演变成了政治问题。
Can I walk in front of you? 我可以走在你前面吗?
[Ron Jr.] My mother... she was used to Hollywood kind of PR, [小罗恩] 我的母亲…她习惯了好莱坞式的公关，
where, you know,for the most part, 在那里，你知道，大多数情况下，
everybody's there to kind of boost you, you know. 每个人都在那里恭维你，这你懂的。
Now it seemed like everybody was there to tear you down. 现在，好像每个人，都想把你打倒。
[Nancy] I don't like viciousness and, um, uh, [南茜] 我不喜欢邪恶，嗯，呃，
it's wrong, and that's why politics has the bad name 这是不对的，这就是为什么，政治有这么坏的名声，
it has and, uh,that's why it's very difficult 这就是为什么，很难
to get good men to go into politics. 让好人从政。
It's very, very hard, 这非常非常艰难，
and the people are the losers. [sighs] 而人民总是输家。 [叹息声]
Nancy Reagan had had a bit of an introduction 南茜·里根对有关州长官邸的
to press coverage with the Governor's Mansion 新闻报道，有一点了解，
that the Joan Didion piece for The Saturday Evening Post 琼·迪迪翁为《周六晚邮报》写的那篇文章 （1934-2021，女记者，作家）
did it for her. 为她做了介绍。
It was entitled Pretty Nancy. 标题是《漂亮的南茜》。
She talked about Nancy's frozen smile and the gaze, 她谈到南茜冰冷的微笑和凝视，
"g-a-z-e" gaze,became her trademark. “g-a-z-e”凝视，成为她的标志。
Women made fun of it. 女人们取笑它。
She would just be like this all the time 她就会一直这样
looking at him,and I don't think it was put on. 看着他，我觉得，那不是装出来的。
It's a 1950s woman trying to shore up her man. 这是一个20世纪50年代的女人，想要支持她的男人。
Do we want to center these on the wall 我们要不要把这些放在墙上，
and then... But then work around it? 然后…但是如何解决它呢?
Is that... I think that's the best... Hmm? 是…我认为这是最好的…嗯?
And perhaps we have room for hanging three right here. 也许我们还有空间，挂三个人的画像。
Don't you think it would be better 你不觉得把它们都放在，
to put all of those,uh, maybe down there, 最显眼的地方
where they'd be the most visible rather than here? 会比放在这里更好吗?
[man] And having here... And having there to themselves. [男声] 在这里…他们可以在这里独处。
Yeah, right, and that... and that next. 是的，没错，就那样...挂在旁边。
- [man] Yes, I think so. - See, I'm sorry, ma'am, -[男声] 是的，我是这么想的。 -你看，我很抱歉，夫人，
but unauthorized personnel aren't allowed in here. 但未经授权的人员不允许入内。
- [laughs] - Hi, honey. -[笑声] - 嗨，亲爱的。
Hi. 嗨。
[Ron Jr.] My parents were somewhat old-fashioned people. [小罗恩] 我的父母都是有些守旧的人。
Look at these. Oops! 看看这些。哦!
[exhales deeply] [深深的呼吸声]
[Ron Jr.] That was just as well, given that they were going [小罗恩] 考虑到他们要参与共和党的政治活动，
into Republican politics. 这倒也无妨。
You know, Nancy, you'll see Patty later on. 南茜，你待会儿会见到帕蒂。
Hello. 你好。
[Ron Jr.] They could stand as this symbol of the old America, [小罗恩] 它们可以作为旧美国的象征，
you know,the America we miss so much. 你知道，我们非常想念那时的美国。
You could see it in the TV shows of the '50s... 你可以在50年代的电视节目中看到…
A lot of conservatives thought the nuclear family, 很多保守派认为核心家庭，
the husband as breadwinner,the little woman 丈夫是养家糊口的人，妻子是
staying home with the apron,the happy Black servant, 穿着围裙，呆在家里的小女人，快乐的黑人仆人，
this was kind of the natural order of things. 这是事物的自然秩序。
[man] Like many a housewife, [男人] 像许多家庭主妇一样，
Nancy Reagan likes to shop herself when she can. 南茜·里根喜欢在有条件的时候，自己去购物。
[Kelley] Nancy felt her persona [凯莉] 南茜觉得她的表面形象不
would be non-threatening to America 会对美国造成威胁，
and non-threatening to the Republican Party, 也不会对共和党造成威胁，
and it worked. It worked for the Reagans. 这一点确实奏效了。这对里根夫妇很管用。
They were scared of The Beatles, for Godsakes. 看在上帝的份上，他们害怕披头士。
The Beatles. 披头士乐队。
The '60s were very difficult for my father. 60年代对我父亲来说非常艰难。
He was unable to fathom this whole new long-haired 他无法理解这个长头发，
rock-and-roll,pot-smoking reality. 唱着摇滚、吸食大麻的全新现实。
[Ronald] This fellow that was doing the talking [罗纳德] 说话的那个人，
had a haircut like Tarzan, he walked like Jane, 发型像“人猿泰山”，走起路来像个女孩“简”，
and smelled like cheetah. [laughter] 身上闻起来，像“泰山”的同伴“齐塔”。 [笑声] （这是源自里根在1960年针对嬉皮士的讲话）
rock and roll music [摇滚乐] （WYBC在康州纽黑文注册的都市成人广播）
Hey, by the way you be sure to listen to WYBC's Viewpoint 嘿，顺便说一下，当杰森·罗伯茨和罗纳德.里根州长 （乐队提琴手，两届格莱美奖得主，四次入选名人堂）
when Jason Roberts talks with Governor Ronald Reagan. 谈话时，你一定要听WYBC电台的评论。
- [Ronald] Okay, wait a second. - [man] Yeah, roll the tape. -[罗纳德] 好吧，就等一会儿。 -[男声] 好吧，播放首歌吧。
[man] Since Sunday, the California governor 自上周日以来，这位加州州长
has been guest lecturer at Yale University. 一直是耶鲁大学的客座讲师。
[man] How do you feel? [男声] 感觉怎么样？
Well, uh, a little nervous at the moment. 嗯，现在有点紧张。
It's, uh, but then I was always nervous about an examination. 但是，我总是对考试感到紧张。
[indistinct conversations] [听不清的交谈声]
[Shearer] I first met Reagan when he came to Yale University [希勒] 我第一次见到里根，是在他作为州长第一年年底
at the end of the first year as governor. 来到耶鲁大学的时候。
I probably knew more than the average Yalie 我可能比一般的耶鲁人更了解他。 （德雷克.希勒，耶鲁68届学生，前美国驻芬兰大使）
about him because I was from California. 因为我来自加利福尼亚。 （德雷克.希勒，耶鲁68届学生，前美国驻芬兰大使）
Uh, I actually I gave the impression a lot. 其实我给人的印象很深刻。 （那年，德雷克.希勒20岁）
He was a bit taken aback by what I what I would call 他被我所谓的批评
the critical reception that he got. 所震惊。
We asked penetrating,journalist-like questions. 我们问了一些记者式的尖锐问题。
He was not used to be put on the spot. 他不习惯，被人放在焦点上责难。
Could you tell me in what ways you've been active 你能告诉我，在你的职业生涯中，
for civil rights in your career? 你是如何积极争取民权的吗?
好吧，
你现在正在看着的这个人...
他当年也在思考同一问题，而且...
而且是在很早，就已经关注这个问题
这个民权问题了。
As a sports announcer many years ago, 许多年前，作为一名体育赛事解说员，
baseball opened its rule book with a line, 棒球公开用这样一句话，作为规则的开场白，
"Baseball is a game for Caucasian gentlemen." “棒球是白人绅士的运动”。
Baseball is a game for Caucasian gentlemen. 棒球是白人绅士的运动。
Only whites were allowed to play baseball in the big leagues. 只有白人被允许参加大联盟的棒球比赛。
I editorialized constantly against this. 我不断地发表，反对这种观点的言论。
Was editorializing against the gentlemen's agreement 就是发表社论反对，阻止黑人参加有组织棒球比赛
that kept Blacks from playing organized baseball. 的君子协议。
And one man defied that rule. 但有一个人无视这一规定。
最终，布兰奇.利基迈出了这一步...（美国职业棒球联盟的执行官）
And today,baseball is far better off. 而今天，棒球的境况要好得多。
[Shearer] The notion that he was an aggressive activist [希勒] 有人认为他是一个激进的活动家，
who supported Jackie Robinson's right 支持杰基·罗宾逊打棒球的权利， （1947年，第一位为布鲁克林道奇队参加国家联盟比赛的黑人球员）
to play baseball was, again, not true. 这也是不真实的。
It's just an example of him not really wanting to see 这只是他不想看到的一个例子，
and also not admitting the depth of the issue 也不承认这个国家的
of discrimination in the country. 种族歧视问题的深度。
Each time you've spoken about civil rights, 每次你谈到民权，
you've talked about the integration of baseball 你都谈到棒球的融合了威利·梅斯
about Willie Mays and Jackie Robinson. 和杰基·罗宾逊，这两位黑人球员。
It... it's become repetitious, 它…它已经变得唠唠叨叨了，
and it seems to me a sad concept of civil rights. 在我看来，这是一个可悲的民权概念。
The real problems are questions of housing, 真正的问题是，贫民窟的住房问题
of crime in the ghetto. 和犯罪问题。
It's always as if it's coming out of something that's been... 它似乎总要冒出来，而且是从那些已经被…
That's memorized,that if they question you 记住了，如果他们问你超过五分钟，
for more than five minutes,you break down. 你就会崩溃。
I just... I don't believe that you really have mastered 我只是…我不相信你真的掌握了
the subjects you're talking about. 你正在谈论的话题。
[Ronald] Well,let me ask you something. [罗纳德] 好吧，我来问你点事。
What is the democratic machine in Chicago? 芝加哥的民主党统治机器是怎么回事？ （民主党通过强大组织能力，统治了芝加哥近半个世纪。）
[arguing at once] [立刻争论起来] （民主党通过强大组织能力，统治了芝加哥近半个世纪。）
Instead of arguing the facts with us, he was sort of saying, 他没有和我们争论事实，而是说:
"You're too young to understand how the world works." “你们太年轻了，不明白世界是如何运转的。”
This is one of the things that you should learn. 这是你们应该学习的事情之一。
And, Derek, you ought to learn this most of all 德里克，如果你要从事新闻工作，
if you're going to pursue journalism. 你最应该学习这个。
[Shearer] Reagan saw himself as a patriot. [希勒] 里根视自己为爱国者。
Contemplative music [令人沉思的音乐]
He wasn't self-critical. 他从不自我批评。
He didn't wanna examine America in any critical way 他不想以任何批判的方式，审视这样的美国，
because he accepted America as it was. 因为他接受的美国，就该是这个样子。
The notion that if you followed other music 如果你追随另一种音乐
or another lifestyle, 或另一种生活方式，
or if you disagreed with the war in Vietnam 或者如果你不同意越南战争，
or if you got too excited about voting rights 或者如果你对黑人投票权过于热衷，
for Black people that you were actually challenging 你实际上，是在挑战他的美国，
his America, his unexamined America. 他从未审视过的美国。
[Ronald] College is the world apart from the world. [罗纳德] 大学是另一个世界。
But this year on the beautiful campus 但今年在加州大学
of the University of California at Berkeley, 伯克利分校美丽的校园里，
college was also this. 学院也是这样的。
[chanting indistinctly] [听不清在喊什么]
[Ronald] This small minority of beatniks and malcontents [罗纳德]一小撮“垮掉派”、心怀不满者
and filthy speech advocates 和污言秽语的支持者
have interfered with the primary purpose 干扰了这所大学的
of that university, 办学主要目的，
and they've brought shame on a great university, 他们给一所伟大的大学带来了耻辱，
a university of which you and I have a right 一所你我都有权利为之
to be very proud 自豪的大学，
and which, for many years,we have been very proud. 多年来，我们一直为之自豪。
[crowd cheering] [群众欢呼声]
[Shearer] At three in the morning [希勒] 5月15日 （加州伯克利）
on Thursday, the 15th of May, 星期四凌晨3点， （加州伯克利）
300 uniformed fully equipped police 300名全副武装身穿制服的警察
occupied the park, and a fence was erected. 占领了公园，竖起了围栏。
[man] And unless you leave, [男声] 除非你们离开，否则你们将以
you will be arrested for trespassing. 非法侵入罪被捕。
[Shearer] That same day,a rally was held on campus. [希勒] 同一天，校园里举行了一次集会。
[man] Don't let those pigs beat the shit out of you. [男声] 别让那些猪把你打得屁滚尿流。
Don't let yourselves get arrested on felonies. 别让自己因为重罪被捕。
Go down there and take the park. 走出去，占领公园。
[cheering] [欢呼声]
[man] Take the park! [男声] 占领公园！
[Shearer] People's Park involved students [希勒] 人民公园的活动涉及学生们
protecting a piece of land 要保护该校
that the university wanted to expand on. 想要扩建的一块土地。
[crowd] We want the park! We want the park! [群众] 我们要公园！ 我们要公园！
[Scheer] The university overreacted. [希勒] 大学的反应过度了。
On the local level,the police were coming in, 在当地层面，警察开始介入，
and then Reagan came in with the authorization 然后里根在州的层面，授权 （罗伯特.希尔，记者）
on the state level of the National Guard. 国民警卫队介入。
Suspenseful music [悬疑的音乐]
[indistinct chanting] [听不清的喊声]
[helicopter propeller whirring] [直升机螺旋桨呼呼作响]
Suddenly, you have troops there with guns and bayonets. 突然，你面对了带着枪和刺刀的军队。
[gunshot] [枪声]
[crowd shouting indistinctly] [人群模糊地呼喊]
[Shearer] If you were watching the TV coverage, [希勒] 如果你看了电视报道，
it looked like that it was a riot. 就会发现这是一场骚乱。
The optics of it for Reagan were great. 这行动折射出，里根有多“能耐”。
It played into all the tropes of the conservative movement 这次保守主义的行动展现了，在年轻人心目中的
about young people. 所有象征性的表现。
[interviewer] Did you personally agree with it? [采访者] 你本人赞同这种看法吗？
Yeah. I'm that generation. 是的。我就是那一代人。 （斯图.斯宾塞，里根首席政策顾问）
Bomb the bastards. 炸光那些混蛋军警。
[gunfire] [枪声]
[indistinct shouting] [听不清的叫声]
dramatic music [剧情音乐声]
[indistinct shouting] [听不清的喊叫声]
[helicopter propeller whirring] [直升机螺旋桨呼呼作响]
[Scheer] Reagan blamed everything bad that happened [希尔] 里根把所有不好的事情都
on the students and the university. 归咎于学生和大学。
On the campus,it was you who are adults. 校园里，你们都该为人师表。
You who are entrusted with those young people and their guidance, 你们被这些年轻人信任，并要教导他们，
have a responsibility to make it plain to them 事情一开始有苗头，你们就有责任
from the very beginning 向学生们表明，
that you yourselves do not tolerate 你们自己不会容忍
the kind of conduct 导致伯克利分校的
that has led to the burning of Wheeler Hall. 惠勒教学大楼被烧毁的这种行为的。
[man] The overwhelming majority [男声] 绝大多数的
of the faculty and students are against violence, 教师和学生都反对暴力，
have done more to curb violence than you 他们在遏制暴力方面，比你们州政府做得更多，
and created an atmosphere... 并形成了一种氛围…
- [Ronald] Listen. - [man] No one wants to listen. -[罗纳德] 听我说。 -[男人] 没人听你说。
- No one... - You are a liar. - 没人... - 你在说瞎话。
All of it began the first time some of you who know better, 所有这一切都始于你们当中的一些人，他们知道得更多，
and are old enough to know better, 而且年龄足够大，应该知道得更多，
let young people think that they have the right 让年轻人认为他们有权利选择，
to choose the laws they would obey 他们愿意遵守的法律，
as long as they were doing it in the name of social protest. 只要他们以社会抗议的名义,这样去做。
[Wiley] Reagan was able to play on the insecurity [威利] 里根能够利用，人们对一个
about a world that was radically changing. 正在急剧变化世界的不安全感。
From young people on college campuses, 从大学校园里的年轻人，
from the anti-Vietnam War demonstrations 从反越南战争的示威游行
as well as the civil rights movement, 到民权运动，
Reagan was linking all of this demonstration 里根把所有这些示威和抗议联系在一起，
and protest as a grand threat. 认为是一个巨大的威胁。
[Ronald] It's time we recognize that this is nationwide. [罗纳德] 是时候认识到，这是全国性的了。
This is a plot. 这是一个阴谋。
There is a conspiratorial side to it. 这也有阴谋论的一面。
[Scheer] What should have been seen as positive expressions [希尔] 本应被视为合理担忧的
of legitimate concern, 积极表达，
Ronald Reagan gets hacked. 都被罗纳德·里根篡改了。
He made no bones about it. 他毫不讳言。
Anybody who talks about these structural problems 任何谈论种族、和平和阶级等结构性问题的人，
of race or peace and class is the enemy, a traitor. 都是敌人，都是叛徒。
Suspenseful music [悬疑的音乐]
[man] The Governor and The Students, [男声] 《州长与学生》
an unedited,unrehearsed dialogue 是罗纳德·里根州长与
between Governor Ronald Reagan 加州学生之间，
and California students. 未经编辑、未经排练的对话。
Groovy music [吸引人的音乐]
[man] Governor,I know you kind of decided [男人] 州长先生，我知道你已经决定了
whether or not to receive the Republican 是否接受共和党
presidential, um, nomination for President. 总统候选人提名。
But would you like to be President? 但你想当总统吗?
It's a job that... I think it starts with the people. 这份工作…我认为这要由人民认可。
But I could never find myself 但我从来没有发现自己
just saying,"Oh, I want to be President, 只是说，“哦，我想当总统，
and I'm gonna go out and talk to people into it." 我要走出去和人们谈谈。”
My father came from a generation where being nakedly ambitious 在我父亲的那一代，赤裸裸的雄心壮志
was not seen as a positive characteristic. 并不被视为一种积极的品质。
Heroes don't do that. 英雄不会那样做。
Heroes don't, you know,seek attention. 你要知道，英雄是不会寻求关注的。
If you were nakedly ambitious, 如果你野心勃勃，
you were being something less than heroic. 那你就不够英勇。
[Plog] Reagan was thinking of being President [帕洛格] 从我们第一次见到里根的时候起，（1966年州长顾问）
from the time we first met him. 他就在考虑当总统。
That's all he wanted. 这就是他想要的。
I was with him in his Pacific Palisades home, 我和他在位于加州太平洋岩壁的家中，
and we're going through some issues. 我们正在处理一些问题。
He suddenly put the books down and he said, 他突然放下书，说:
"Damn. Wouldn't this be fun “该死。如果我们竞选总统，
if we were running for the presidency?" 这不是很有趣吗?”
[Alter] In early 1968, [阿尔特] 那是在1968年初，
the guy has been governor for a year. 这家伙才当了一年州长。
He goes on a nationwide speaking tour to test the waters 他在全国巡回演讲， （乔纳森.阿尔特，记者）
for the presidency. 为竞选总统试水。
[man] Governor, are you running for President? [男声] 州长先生，你要竞选总统吗?
I am not a candidate.I'm not running for President. 我不是候选人。我不会竞选总统的。
[man] People think you're a candidate. [男声] 人民认为你是候选人。
Well, um, maybe the people think I'm a candidate 也许人民认为我是候选人，
because you fellows won't take my word for it. 因为，你们这些家伙不相信我的话。
[man] Governor... [男声] 州长先生...
[crowd chattering] [人群的喋喋不休]（1968年，共和党全国大会）
[elephant blows] [大象的吹气声]
[elephant trumpets] [大象的鸣叫声]
And in '68,my grandmother was for Reagan. 1968年，我祖母支持里根。 （格罗夫.诺奎斯特，“美国人们税务改革计划”创始人）
Reagan was the governor from the largest state 里根是美国最大州的州长，
governing as a conservative. 以保守派的身份执政。
He really put himself forward as somebody that 他把自己塑造成一个
conservative Republicans said, 保守的共和党人，并说：
"Someday, this is our candidate for President." “总有一天，他会成为我们的总统候选人。”
[man] This is probably his last chance at the White House [男声] 由于种种原因，这可能是他入主白宫的
for one reason or another,chiefly age, it's 1968 or never. 最后一次机会，主要是年龄，现在是1968年，否则就永远不会了。
[man] The nominee of this convention... [男声] 本次大会的提名人是…
Richard M. Nixon. 理查德.M.尼克松。
[crowd cheering] [人群的欢呼声]
[Spencer] Reagan wasn't ready. [斯宾塞] 里根当时没有做准备。
But my governor had stars in his eyes, 但我的州长眼中闪烁着光芒，
and the message was out there. 他传达的信息就在那里。
He wanted the job. 他想得到这份工作。
[crowd chattering] [人群喋喋不休]
We want Reagan! We want Reagan! 我们要里根！我们要里根！
[man] And I can tell we need some more enthusiasm. [男声] 我知道，我们需要更多的热情。
Ladies and gentlemen,if you will, 女士们先生们，请和我一起
join me in a tremendous round of applause. 以热烈的掌声来欢迎。
[cheers and applause] [欢呼声和掌声]
It's Ronald Reagan, the fighter 这是罗纳德.里根，一名斗士
Ronald Reagan, the power 罗纳德.里根掌权
Here he comes, here he comes 他来了，他来了
'76, this is ours 1976年，将是我们的一年
Oh, baby 哦，宝贝
[Cannon] Ronald Reagan left the California governorship [坎农] 罗纳德·里根于1975年初辞去
early in 1975. 加州州长一职。
- Hi. - [man] How are you? -嗨。 - [男声] 你好吗？
By the time he was running for President in 1976, 在1976年时，他已经着手总统选举了，
Mrs. Reagan had acquired an awful lot 里根夫人也掌握了大量 （卢.坎农，罗纳德.里根的传记作家）
of political knowledge about national politics. 关于全国政治的政治知识了。 （卢.坎农，罗纳德.里根的传记作家）
Upbeat music [乐观的音乐声]
[reporter] Obviously, you must think [记者] 很明显，你肯定觉得
you're doing some good to be out shaking 你出来跟这些人握手，
all these hands,running around the state. 比在州内到处跑更有效。
I'm doing what they asked me to do. 我只是在做，他们让我做的事。
I go out and do questions and answers, 我出去做问答，
and it's fascinating.It really is, 这很吸引人。真的，
'cause you find out that no matter where you are, 因为你会发现，无论你在哪里，
the same things are on people's minds, 人们的想法都是一样的，
which has been fascinating to me. 这让我很着迷。
She was an actress. 她曾是一名女演员。
Not a great actress, but an actress, 虽不是什么伟大的演员，但是个女演员，
and she could play parts very well. 她可以把角色演得很好。
[Alter] She created this artifice that in some ways [阿尔特] 她创造了这个技巧，
was almost as powerful as her husband's facade 在某些方面，几乎和她丈夫的外型一样有影响力，
and hers was of the adoring, demure wife. 她的外表是一个受尊敬的、端庄的妻子。
But she also knew how to charm people. 但她也知道如何吸引人。
[Nancy] It's, uh... [ laughs ] [南茜] 这是有点儿，呃...[笑声]
Have you ever just said, 你是否曾经说过:
"No. That's not the way we're gonna do it"? “不。这不是我们要做的事"。
- No. - [laughs] -没说过。 -[笑声]
Well, I'll tell you, that's...That's an ideal wife. 好吧，我告诉你，那…这才是理想的妻子。
[man] Mrs. Reagan... [男声] 里根夫人...
[Lopez] When Ronald Reagan runs again in '76, [洛佩兹] 当罗纳德·里根在1976年再次参选时，
he also learned from his experience in California, 他也吸取了在加州的经验，
and he runs a very aggressive dog whistle campaign. 他进行了一场非常激进的“狗哨”竞选。
Tonight, I'd like to talk to you about issues, 今晚，我想和你们谈谈一些问题，
issues which I think are involved 一些我认为
or should be involved in this primary election season. 在这个初选季节，涉及或应该涉及的问题。
[Wiley] Reagan's ideology was that [威利] 里根的意识形态是，
government programs are just wasting 政府项目只是在浪费
our hard-earned money. 我们的血汗钱。
He pulls the story of a woman in Chicago. 他讲了一个芝加哥女人的故事。
[Ronald] She has 50 Social Security numbers [罗纳德] 她在芝加哥就有50个社保号
and 50 addresses in Chicago alone. 和50个地址。
Her tax-free cash income 她的免税现金收入
has been running a $150,000 a year. 每年有15万美元。
[Wiley] Reagan's welfare queen and her Cadillac [威利] 里根的福利“女王”和她的凯迪拉克
became a poster child for a lie. 成了谎言的典型代表。
The lie is this is what people on welfare are, 谎言是，这就是领取福利的人，
that these are people who don't need the program 这些人不需要这个项目，
and that it was people of color 是有色人种得到了
who were getting unfair handouts. 不公平的施舍。
Washington doesn't even know how many people are on welfare, 华盛顿甚至不知道有多少人在领福利，
how many cheaters are getting more than one check. 有多少骗子得到了不止一张支票。
The surface story is Blacks are lazy. 表面的故事是，黑人很懒。
They're cheaters.They're a drain on society. 他们是骗子。他们是社会的累赘。
And by implication, 言下之意，
a complimentary story about whites... 一个关于白人的赞美故事…
Hard-working,responsible, innocent, 白人才是勤劳、负责、无辜、
law-abiding taxpayers who contribute. 守法的纳税人。
Many politicians like Reagan use welfare as a... 许多像里根这样的政客，把福利作为一种…
As a term to cover up their racism. 作为一个术语，来掩盖他们的种族主义。
That is they never deal with the fact 那就是他们从来没有，对付过这样一个事实，
that they have three whites on welfare for every one Black. 即每三个白人领取社会福利时，只有一个黑人在领取社会福利。
[Scheer] Reagan was demonizing vulnerable people. [希尔] 里根把弱势群体妖魔化了。
And meanwhile,the people ripping you off 与此同时，剥削你的人是
are big corporations getting tax breaks, 那些享受税收优惠的大公司，
and so it's a very convenient narrative. 所以这是一个非常方便的叙述。
[reporter] Significant numbers of Democratic [记者] 大量民主党人和
and independent voters like what he's been saying, 独立选民喜欢他的言论，
that some of his detractors claim that at least 而他的一些批评者声称，
some of what he's been saying is a little short on accuracy. 至少他说的一些话有点不准确。
It costs three $3 in overhead to deliver one $1 在这个国家，把1美元送到一个有需要的人手里，
to a needy person in this country. 需要3美元的间接费用。
[man] Reagan is wrong. [男声] 里根是错的。
It doesn't cost $3 to deliver a dollar of welfare, 提供一美元福利的成本不是3美元，
but 12 cents. 而是12美分。
[Wiley] The majority of people who are on welfare are white. [威利] 大多数领福利的人是白人。
And yet welfare exists in our political consciousness 然而，在我们的政治意识中，
as only benefitting people of color. 福利只对有色人种有利。
That is how blind we have become 这就是我们是多么的盲目，
to how manipulated we are by racial politics 我们是如何被种族政治操纵的，
that serve to undermine equality. 这些政治破坏了平等。
[man] Ronald Reagan almost has as many delegates [男声] 罗纳德·里根拥有的代表人数
committed to him 几乎和
as are committed to President Ford. 支持福特总统的代表人数一样多。
[woman] Do you think you'll be the Republican nominee in '76? [女声] 你认为，你会成为76年的共和党候选人吗?
[Ronald] I don't know.I'm gonna try. [罗纳德] 我不知道。我试一试。
Tense music [紧张的音乐]
Good morning from Kansas City, Missouri, 早上好，这里是密苏里州堪萨斯城，
the site of the 31st Republican National Convention. 第31届共和党全国代表大会的举办地。
The choice facing the people in this country 这个国家的人民面临的选择
is between that Democratic platform, 是民主党的政纲领，
which is for more government,more spending, 它支持更多的政府干预，更多的支出，
more deficits as against the platform 更多的赤字，还是让反对这个政纲
that has said,"Let us reverse that 的一派发出呼声，“让我们扭转这一局面，
and get back the freedom 重新获得自由、
and state's rights and local rules." 重获州权和地方自治规则。”
[Baker] In 1976, Reagan was a force [贝克尔] 1976年，里根是一股
to be reckoned with. 不可忽视的力量。
He almost knocked off an incumbent Jerry Ford 他几乎在党内提名中，击败了现任总统 （詹姆斯.贝克尔，76年竞选班子经理）
for his party's nomination. 杰里·福特。
[man] They're not really fighting over the old fissure [男声] 他们并不是真的在为
of, "Are we going left or are going right?" “我们是向左走还是向右走?”
This party's made up its mind.It's going right. 这个政党已经下定决心了。它是向右的。
It's going right,but how far right? 它在向右，但向右有多远?
[man] The nominee of this convention is Gerald R. Ford. [男声] 这次大会的提名人是杰拉尔德·福特。
[crowd cheering] [人群欢呼]
[man] The major Reagan threat to the Ford campaign here [男声] 里根对福特竞选的主要威胁，在这里
has been decisively defeated. 被彻底击败。
[man] There had been a request to hear [男声] 有人要求听取
from Governor Reagan, 里根州长的意见，
invite him to address the convention. 邀请他在大会上讲话。
[cheers and applause] [欢呼声掌声]
[Norquist] In the speech Reagan gave [诺奎斯特] 在里根发表的
supposedly endorsing Ford 与其说是，支持福特的演讲，
was a speech for electing Reagan, 不如说是，在支持选里根的人，
and he made it clear that he had a vision. 他明确表示自己有一个愿景。
We've got to quit talking to each other 我们必须停彼此在党内夸夸其谈，
and about each other and go out and communicate to the world 接下应该谈的是，走出去，告诉世界，
that we may be fewer in numbers than we've ever been, 我们的人数，可能比以往任何时候都少，
but we carry the message they're waiting for. 但我们传递了，他们正在等待的信息。
[Norquist] Reagan was making the case [诺奎斯特] 里根是在为一个
for a modern conservative Republican Party 现代保守的共和党辩护，
that had a serious vision of where it wanted to go. 该党对自己的前进方向，有一个严肃的愿景。
What a great general said a few years ago is true. 几年前，伟大的道格拉斯.麦克阿瑟将军讲过这样的话。
There is no substitute for victory. 胜利是不可替代的。
Mr. President. 总统先生。
[crowd cheering] [人群欢呼声]
Thank you. 谢谢你。
[Spencer] He made the best speech of his life. [斯宾塞] 他做了一生中最好的演讲。
It just showed me how badly he wanted it. 这让我知道他有多想要。
After that, Reagan owned the heart of the party. 在那之后，里根掌握了共和党的核心。
[man] This was supposed to have been President Ford's night, [男声] 这本该是福特总统的夜晚，
and then as he swept off the stage, 当他走下舞台时，
the whole auditorium just rose. 整个礼堂都站了起来。
I've never seen anything like that. 我从未见过这样的事情。
[man] Saying in effect, Roger,this is what you... [男声] 实际上，罗杰，这是你…
That maybe we picked the wrong man. I don't... 也许我们选错人了。我不…
This is what you might have had. 这就是你可能有的。
Exactly. 没错。
[man] Unless Ronald Reagan [男声] 除非罗纳德.里根
comes to the end of the long trail, 结束了漫长的征途，
65 is not likely to be a candidate 否则65岁的他，不太可能
for public office again. 再次成为公职候选人。
[Ron Jr.] After the '76 campaign, [小罗恩] 76年竞选之后，
I noticed my father mellowing a bit. 我注意到，我父亲成熟了一些。
Part of that was the fact that he had lost... 部分原因是他输了党内提名...
[horse nickers] [马嘶鸣声]
...but survived. ...但是，却存活了下来。
Okay. All right. Yeah, yeah! 好的。好吧。是的,是的!
[Rollins] Reagan told me one time, [罗林斯]里根有一次对我说，
"I probably wouldn't have run again “如果不是因为里根夫人， （艾德.罗林斯，里根竞选活动指导）
if it wasn't for Mrs. Reagan." 我可能不会再次参选。” （艾德.罗林斯，里根竞选活动指导）
She thought that he had to run, 她认为他必须参选，
and he was sort of,"Okay, I took my shot at it. 他说:“算了吧，我已经试过了。
Gonna go to the ranch and live happily ever after." 回咱家的牧场去，从此过上幸福的生活。"
hopeful music [带有希望的音乐]
She kept persuading him 她一直说服他， （里根在圣.芭芭拉的牧场）
that he was the man that could change the country. 他是那个可以改变这个国家的人。 （里根在圣.芭芭拉的牧场）
[man] Ronald Reagan hasn't been heard from much [男声] 自从罗纳德·里根在堪萨斯城
since he lost the Republican nomination 输给杰拉尔德·福特之后，
to Gerald Ford in Kansas City. 他就一直杳无音讯。
While his fellow Republicans have been trying to figure out 当他的共和党同僚们，一直在试图弄清楚
what to do about the party,the governors, 该如何对待共和党、各个州长们、
the state chairmen,the national committee, 各州党主席和党的全国委员会时，
Reagan has been more or less quietly biding his time. 里根或多或少一直在，静静地等待时机。
[Ronald] Well, there's nothing like [罗纳德] 没有什么比整天
being in the saddle all day. 骑在马鞍上更好的了。
Governor Reagan, would you have beaten Jimmy Carter? 里根州长，换了你，会打败吉米·卡特吗?
I said during the primaries that I thought I could, 我在初选时说过，我认为我能做到，
and I still believe that I could have. 我仍然相信我能做到。
[man] Where Ford failed Reagan would have won, how? [男声] 在福特失败的地方，里根会怎么赢?
How would you have put it together? 你是怎么把它们组合在一起的?
Well, I think I would have broken into the solid South, 好吧，我想我会闯入顽固的南方，
which went for Carter as an...As a native son. 卡特作为一个…作为一个本地人。
But what really made the difference, 但真正起作用的，
if you will agree, is the Black vote. 如果你同意我说的话，是黑人给卡特投的票。
Yeah. 对的。
Apparently Black Americans find almost nothing 显然，美国黑人在共和党
in the Republican Party to attract. 几乎找不到什么可吸引的东西。
You're anti-people.Bob Dole says 鲍勃.杜勒说你是反人民的， （堪萨斯州共和党参议员）
you have the image of being anti-people. 你给人的印象是反人民的。
Ah, we have the image, 啊，我们有给人这种印象，
yes, but...and I don't deny that. 是的，但是…我不否认这一点。
We have been the victims of a false image. 我们一直以来，都是被误解印象的受害者。
The Republican Party has just done the lousiest job 共和党在推销自己所能
of merchandising of what it has to offer. 提供的东西方面，做得最糟糕。
To me, it was realistic that he could have been 对我来说，他在1976年被提名
a nominee in '76. 是很现实的。
Do I think he could beat Jimmy Carter? No. 我觉得他能打败吉米·卡特吗? 不能。
Reagan's base was the South, 虽然，里根的基础是南方，
and Jimmy was a hometown Southern boy. 而吉米是他家乡，土生土长的南方男孩。
But four years later,when Reagan ran again, 但四年后，当里根再次竞选总统时，
they didn't like their boy. [laughs] 他们南方人不再喜欢他们的儿子了。[笑声]
[crowd cheering] [群众欢呼声]
[Alter] Reagan knew he had to win the South in 1980. [阿尔特] 里根懂得，他必须在1980年赢得南方。
To do that, he had to send some messages 要做到这一点，他必须发出一些信息，
that he was on the side 表明他站在
of racist conservative voters there. 那里的种族主义保守派选民一边。
He definitely went for 他肯定是要他们
what they called the cracker vote. 投所谓的“分块选票”。
[Shearer] Since the end of the '60s, [希勒] 自60年代末以来，
the Republican Party consciously went after 共和党有意识地通过
white voters in the South 向选民发出种族诉求，
by making racial appeals to voters. 来争取南方的白人选民。
[Lopez] This was called the Southern strategy. [洛佩兹] 这就是所谓的“南方战略”。
And when Ronald Reagan runs for president, 当罗纳德·里根竞选总统时，
he opts to do the same thing 他选择做同样的事情，
by going to the deep South and invoke state's rights. 前往南方腹地，援引州的权利。
That is a deeply considered strategy. 这是一个经过深思熟虑的战略。
[Johnson] He is saying I can separate the North and the South [约翰逊] 他说，我可以通过谈论种族问题，
by talking about racial issues that will move white Democrats 将北方和南方分开，这将使白人民主党人
to the Republican Party, 转向共和党，
I can take the same bigotry,I can dress it up 我可以采取同样的偏见，我可以粉饰它， （杰森.约翰逊，政治学研究者）
and I can make it something palatable 我可以使它成为住在郊区人们 （杰森.约翰逊，政治学研究者）
to people in the suburbs. 喜欢的东西。 （杰森.约翰逊，政治学研究者）
You've seen in his campaign the stirrings of hate 你们已经在他的竞选活动中，看到了仇恨的萌芽，
and the rebirth of code words like "state's rights" 以及密西西比州演讲中，他多次用“州权”这样的暗语，
in a speech in Mississippi. 来挑动矛盾。
[Lopez] When Jimmy Carter challenged 当吉米·卡特质疑
Reagan's use of race in the campaign, 里根在竞选中使用种族问题时，
the Reagan campaign responded by saying 里根的竞选团队回应说，
Carter was being mean to Reagan 卡特对里根很刻薄，
as if he was saying Reagan is prejudiced. 好像他在说，里根有种族偏见。
I am deeply, deeply offended by the attempts of Mr. Carter 卡特先生企图把我丈夫抹黑成，面目全非了，
to paint my husband as a man he is not. 对此，我深感被冒犯了。
That's a cruel thing to do. 那样做太残忍了。
[reporter] The president had some rather unkind words for you [记者] 总统昨晚对你说了不少难听的话，
last night, Governor.He said if you win the election, 州长先生。他说，如果你赢得选举，
you'll have a divisive effect on the country, 你将对这个国家产生分裂的影响，
and he suggested that you would separate North from South, 他暗指你将北方与南方、
rural from urban,Jew from Christian, 农村与城市、犹太人与基督徒、
and Black from white. 黑人与白人割裂。
Well,I think he's a badly misinformed 嗯，我认为他是一个被严重误导
and prejudiced man. 和有偏见的人。
[man] Thank you,ladies and gentlemen. [男声] 谢谢你们，女士们先生们。
The whole fiction of Reagan was that "I am not marginalizing 里根的整个虚构是“我没有边缘化
or dividing the country. 或分裂这个国家。
I am finding a more honest,effective way 我正在寻找一种更诚实、更有效的方式
of helping people." 来帮助人们。”
He packaged this fiction, 他包装了这个虚幻，
and then the only thing that gets in the way 然后认为，唯一的阻碍是
are these bad actors, 这些坏演员们、
welfare mothers,and people of color 靠福利救济的母亲们、有色人种、
and communists and homosexuals. 共产主义者和同性恋们。
And people believed it. 人们相信了。
[reporter] The Reagan motorcade left Manhattan [记者] 里根的车队离开曼哈顿，
for the South Bronx,a high crime, low hope area. 前往犯罪率高、希望渺茫的南布朗克斯区。
President Carter visited the same site three years ago. 卡特总统三年前，曾访问过同一地点。
Reagan came, he said,to remind voters 他说，里根来这里是为了提醒选民，
the administration had broken its promise to rebuild the area. 政府违背了重建该地区的承诺。
[woman] Go take him now! You his wife! [女声] 现在就去抓他!你是他老婆!
Senora, you're his wife!Help us, okay? 夫人，你是他老婆！救救俺们，行吗？
Help us! 救救俺们！
[crowd shouting indistinctly] [人群含糊地喊叫]
I'd just like to point out one thing. 我只想指出一件事。
I didn't come down here to make a promise, 我来这，不是为了承诺，
I came down here because somebody else made a promise. 我来这，是因为有别人曾经承诺过了。
[crowd chanting] [群众吵闹声]
对着人民讲话！不要对着媒体讲！
[Shearer] Reagan didn't understand [希勒] 里根不明白
African American life. 非洲裔美国人的生活。
He didn't really know Black people. 他并不真正了解黑人。
And that didn't bother him, 这并没有困扰他，
but he knew what he was doing when he campaigned. 但他在竞选时，知道自己在做什么，就行了。
Listen, wait a minute. 听着，等一下。
[woman] Let the man speak! - Callate la boca! -[女声] 让那爷们儿说句话！ -闭上你丫的臭嘴！（西班牙语骂人）
Let him speak! 听丫说！
Right now... 现在...
[indistinct shouting] [听不清的喊声]
Right now in... right now in Congress, there's some... 现在...此时，就在国会，有一项...
- I'm trying to tell you! - [woman] But can you? -我正在跟你们说！ -[女人] 但你能帮帮俺们吗？
I am trying to tell you that I know now 我想告诉你们的是，我知道
there is no program or promise that a president can make... 现在没有任何一个总统，可以制定的计划或承诺…
[man] Thank you. [男人] 谢谢你丫挺的。
...that the federal government can come in and... ...联邦政府倒是可以介入...
-...wave a wand and do this. -...挥一下魔法杖就成了。
[Scheer] His stock and trade [希勒] 他的名气和策略是在说，
was to say, "I really care about you. “我真的很关心你们。
The people who are spending all that government money 那些花了政府所有钱的人，
don't really care. 根本不在乎你们。”
But he didn't really have a program, 但他没有真正的计划，
didn't have an answer. 也无法回答。
When he got before a crowd like that, 当他出现在这样一群人面前时，
which was almost never happened, 这几乎从来没有发生过，
he was exposed instantly. 他立刻就暴露了。
[crowd shouting] [群众怒骂声]
intriguing music [诙谐的音乐声]
The question of whether my father 我父亲在某种程度上
was, in fact, racist in some way 是否是个种族主义者，
is a troubling one for me and, uh, 这个问题一直困扰着我，
and one that I don't really know how to answer. 我也不知道该如何回答。
I never heard him at home 我从没听他私下在家里
in private ever saying racist things. 说过种族主义的话。
He certainly didn't use the "N" word. 他肯定没有用“N”这个词。（negro的首字母）
Nobody talked like that in our house. 我们家没人那样说话。
I do not think Ronald Reagan thought 我不认为罗纳德·里根认为
he was a racist. 自己是种族主义者。
When he visited us at Yale,my friend asked Governor Reagan, 当他来耶鲁大学演讲，我的朋友问里根州长:
"Are there any other Black people you know “除了打棒球的杰基·罗宾逊，州长您还认识
other than Jackie Robinson?" 其他黑人吗?”
And that's where Governor Reagan said, 里根州长说:
"Sammy Davis Jr.Is one of my best friends. “小萨米·戴维斯是我最好的朋友之一。 （歌手，舞者，娱乐明星）
So that means I'm not a racist." 所以这意味着，“我不是种族主义者”。”
[Wiley] Ronald Reagan made explicitly racist statements. [威利] 罗纳德·里根曾发表过明确的种族主义言论。
We know that from tapes that were only recently released. 我们从最近才公布的录音带中得知。
[woman] President Richard Nixon recorded himself talking [女声] 1971年10月，也就是联合国投票承认
to then-California Governor Ronald Reagan 中华人民共和国的第二天，理查德·尼克松总统
in October 1971,the day after the United Nations 录下了自己与时任加州州长 （白宫录音带）
voted to recognize The People's Republic of China. 罗纳德·里根的谈话。
Reagan had phoned Nixon at the White House 里根给白宫的尼克松打电话，
to vent his frustration at African delegates 对庆祝投票的非洲代表
who celebrated the vote. 表示不满。
里根：我跟你说啊，昨晚上，我从电视里看到了这一场景。
尼克松：是的。
里根：我看到这些非洲国家代表，他们真像猴子一样。
这帮人真该死，他们现在一定还不习惯穿鞋子！
[尼克松的笑声]
[Lopez] That sort of quote is only part [洛佩兹] 说出这种话只是
of the larger indictment against Ronald Reagan. 对罗纳德·里根更大指控的一部分。
He should also be criticized for being a national leader 他作为一名国家领导人，
who made the decision to strategically promote 为了拉拢选民，赢得选举，
racial conflict and hatred as a strategy 在战略上煽动种族矛盾和仇恨，
to rile up voters and to win elections. 也应该受到批评。
[indistinct chatter] [含混的交谈声]
[Shearer] Voters got the message [希勒] 选民们得到的信息是，
that this was not gonna be a president 这不会是一个执行《民权法案》
that enforced civil rights or voting rights. 或《投票权法案》的总统。
And you could feel good about voting for him 你对他有好感投票给他，
because he'd supported Jackie Robinson 因为他支持杰基·罗宾逊
playing baseball. 打棒球。
Let us pledge to each other,with this great lady looking on, 让我们彼此保证，在这位“伟大的女神”的注视下，
that we can,and so help us, God, 我们能够，上帝保佑我们，
we will make America great again. 我们将使美国再次伟大。
- [crowd cheering] - Thank you very much. -[人群欢呼声] - 非常感谢大家。
[cheering] [欢呼声]
[Lopez] Reagan's reputation as a dog whistler [洛佩兹] 里根“狗哨”的名声
has not had a sufficiently negative impact on his legacy. 并没有对他的政治遗产，产生足够的负面影响。
Dog whistling is all about plausible deniability “狗哨”是一种合理的推诿，
that allowed Reagan to protect himself 让里根能够保护自己，
and that has allowed the Republican Party 也给予了共和党
for the last four decades 在过去四十年里
to deny that that's who Ronald Reagan was, 否认了罗纳德·里根的真实面目，
to turn him into a hero, 把他变成英雄，
to insist that he really did care 坚持说他真的关心
about the average American working family. 美国的普通工薪家庭。
But when people stand back, 但当人们退后时，
they see that, in fact,Reagan was a divisive figure, 他们看到，事实上，里根是一个分裂的人物，
someone willing to do what he knew was wrong 一个愿意做，他明知是错误的事情，
to divide Americans as a way to win power. 来分裂美国人民，以赢得权力的人。
[Wiley] Reagan's genius as a politician [威利] 里根作为一名政治家的天才之处在于，
was that he wrapped his racism in a facade of fatherly love. 他把自己的种族主义，披上了父爱的外衣莽。
[crowd cheering] [群众欢呼声]
And it was something that Black people in this country 这个国家的黑人认为
understood was a facade, 这只是表象，
and we understood it by his words and his deeds. 我们需要，“听其言、观其行”来审视他的。
[Ronald] For those without job opportunities, [罗纳德] 对于那些没有工作机会的人，
we'll stimulate new opportunities 我们将刺激新的机会，
particularly in the inner cities where they live. 特别是在他们居住的市中心。
For those who've abandoned hope, 对于那些放弃希望的人，
we'll restore hope, 我们将让他们重拾希望，
and we'll welcome them into a great national crusade 我们将欢迎他们加入伟大的国家运动，
to make America great again. 让美国再次伟大。
里根在总统选举的538张选举人票中赢得了489票 [jet roaring] [喷气式发动机轰鸣声]
但他只赢得了14%的非洲裔美国人的选票。
We have here what,I think, reasonably 我认为，我们现在的情况，可以被合理地
could be called a landslide 称为山体滑坡
or certainly something approaching a landslide. 或接近山体滑坡。
Where did it come from? 它从何而来?
Nobody anticipated it. 没有人预料到。
No polls predicted it.No one saw it coming. 没有民意调查预测到这一点。没有人预见到它的到来。
How did that happen? 这是怎么发生的？
[man] Ronald Reagan...Look at what he has done. [男声] 罗纳德.里根…看看他都干了些什么。
These are the states in blue that he has won. 这些蓝色的州是他获胜的州。
Well, who leads the social counter revolution 那么，是谁领导了社会反革命呢?
that Teddy Kennedy... - [man] Lawyers. 泰迪·肯尼迪... -[男声] 律师们。
I think it'll be somebody whose name 我想今晚会是一个名字
is not a household word tonight. 并不家喻户晓的人。
[man] Try Senator Biden from Delaware for openers. [男声] 试试特拉华州的拜登参议员吧。
Very impressive young guy, 非常令人印象深刻的年轻人，
in his second term, revisionist Democrat. 在他的第二任期，修正派民主党人。
[coughs] Wow, okay. [咳嗽]哇，好的。
[laughter] [笑声]
All right. All right. 好吧。就这样吧。
翻译：hardstick 校订：hardstick 时间轴：hardstick